Network Theorems (9 Hours)

Superposition theorem, Thevenin theorem, Norton theorem, Maximum power transfer theorem, Reciprocity theorem, Compensation theorem. Analysis with dependent current and voltage sources. Node and Mesh Analysis. Concept of duality and dual networks.

Solution of First and Second order networks (8 Hours)

Solution of first and second order differential equations for Series and parallel R-L, R-C, R-L-C circuits, initial and final conditions in network elements, forced and free response, time constants, steady state and transient state response.

Sinusoidal steady state analysis (8 Hours)

Representation of sine function as rotating phasor, phasor diagrams, impedances and admittances, AC circuit analysis, effective or RMS values, average power and complex power. Three-phase circuits. Mutual coupled circuits, Dot Convention in coupled circuits, Ideal Transformer.

Electrical Circuit Analysis Using Laplace Transforms (8 Hours)

Review of Laplace Transform, Analysis of electrical circuits using Laplace Transform for standard inputs, convolution integral, inverse Laplace transform, transformed network with initial conditions. Transfer function representation. Poles and Zeros. Frequency response (magnitude and phase plots), series and parallel resonances

Two Port Network and Network Functions (6 Hours)

Two Port Networks, terminal pairs, relationship of two port variables, impedance parameters, admittance parameters, transmission parameters and hybrid parameters, interconnections of two port networks.

Network Topology and Graph Theory (3 Hours)

Introductory concepts of network graphs, cut sets, loops, cut set and loop analysis.                                            

Suggested books

1. M. E. Van Valkenburg, “Network Analysis”, Prentice Hall, 2006.                                                            
2. D. Roy Choudhury, “Networks and Systems”, New Age International Publications, 1998.
3. W. H. Hayt and J. E. Kemmerly, “Engineering Circuit Analysis”, McGraw Hill Education, 2013.
4. C. K. Alexander and M. N. O. Sadiku, “Electric Circuits”, McGraw Hill Education, 2004.

Fundamentals of Digital Systems and logic families (7Hours)

Digital signals, digital circuits, AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and Exclusive-OR operations, Boolean algebra, examples of IC gates, number systems-binary, signed binary, octal hexadecimal number, binary arithmetic, one’s and two’s complements arithmetic, codes, error detecting and correcting codes, characteristics of digital lCs, digital logic families, TTL, Schottky TTL and CMOS logic, interfacing CMOS and TTL, Tri-statelogic.

Combinational Digital Circuits (7Hours)

Standard representation for logic functions, K-map representation, simplification of logic functions using K-map, minimization of logical functions. Don’t care conditions, Multiplexer, De- Multiplexer/Decoders, Adders, Subtractors, BCD arithmetic, carry look ahead adder, serial ladder, ALU, elementary ALU design, popular MSI chips, digital comparator, paritychecker/generator, code converters, priority encoders, decoders/drivers for display devices, Q-M method of function realization.

Sequential circuits and systems (7Hours)

A 1-bit memory, the circuit properties of Bistable latch, the clocked SR flip flop, J- K- T and D- Types flip flops, applications of flip flops, shift registers, applications of shift registers, serial to parallel converter, parallel to serial converter, ring counter, sequence generator, ripple(Asynchronous) counters, synchronous counters, counters design using flip flops, special counter IC’s, asynchronous sequential counters, applications of counters.

A/D and D/A Converters (7Hours)

Digital to analog converters: weighted resistor/converter, R-2R Ladder D/A converter, specifications for D/A converters, examples of D/A converter lCs, sample and hold circuit, analog to digital converters: quantization and encoding, parallel comparator A/D converter, successive approximation A/D converter, counting A/D converter, dual slope A/D converter, A/D converter using voltage to frequency and voltage to time conversion, specifications of A/D converters, example of A/D converter ICs

Memory organization and operation, expanding memory size, classification and characteristics of memories, sequential memory, read only memory (ROM), read and write memory (RAM), content addressable memory (CAM), charge de coupled device memory (CCD), commonly used memory chips, ROM as a PLD, Programmable logic array, Programmable array logic, complex Programmable logic devices (CPLDS), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).

Magnetic fields and magnetic circuits (6 Hours)

Review of magnetic circuits - MMF, flux, reluctance, inductance; review of Ampere Law and Biot Savart Law; Visualization of magnetic fields produced by a bar magnet and a current carrying coil - through air and through a combination of iron and air; influence of highly permeable materials on the magnetic flux lines.

Electromagnetic force and torque (9 Hours)

B-H curve of magnetic materials; flux-linkage vs current characteristic of magnetic circuits; linear and nonlinear magnetic circuits; energy stored in the magnetic circuit; force as a partial derivative of stored energy with respect to position of a moving element; torque as a partial derivative of stored energy with respect to angular position of a rotating element. Examples - galvanometer coil, relay contact, lifting magnet, rotating element with eccentricity or saliency.

DC machines (8 Hours)

Basic construction of a DC machine, magnetic structure - stator yoke, stator poles, polefaces or shoes, air gap and armature core, visualization of magnetic field produced by the field winding excitation with armature winding open, air gap flux density distribution, flux per pole, induced EMF in an armature coil. Armature winding and commutation - Elementary armature coil and commutator, lap and wave windings, construction of commutator, linear commutation Derivation of back EMF equation, armature MMF wave, derivation of torque equation, armature reaction, air gap flux density distribution with armature reaction.

DC machine - motoring and generation (7 Hours)

Armature circuit equation for motoring and generation, Types of field excitations - separately excited, shunt and series. Open circuit characteristic of separately excited DC generator, back EMF with armature reaction, voltage build-up in a shunt generator, critical field resistance and critical speed. V-I characteristics and torque-speed characteristics of separately excited, shunt and series motors. Speed control through armature voltage. Losses, load testing and back-to-back testing of DC machines

Transformers (12 Hours)

Principle, construction and operation of single-phase transformers, equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, voltage regulation, losses and efficiency Testing - open circuit and short circuit tests, polarity test, back-to-back test, separation of hysteresis and eddy current losses Three-phase transformer - construction, types of connection and their comparative features, Parallel operation of single-phase and three-phase transformers, Autotransformers - construction, principle, applications and comparison with two winding transformer, Magnetizing current, effect of nonlinear B-H curve of magnetic core material, harmonics in magnetization current, Phase conversion - Scott connection, three-phase to six-phase conversion, Tap-changing transformers - No-load and on-load tap-changing of transformers, Three-winding transformers. Cooling of transformers.

Review of Vector Calculus ( 6 Hrs )

Vector algebra-addition, subtraction, components of vectors, scalar and vector multiplications, triple products, three orthogonal coordinate systems (rectangular, cylindrical and spherical). Vector calculus-differentiation, partial differentiation, integration, vector operator del, gradient, divergence a n d curl; integral theorems of vectors. Conversion of a vector from one coordinate system to an other.

Static Electric Field ( 6 Hrs )

Coulomb’s law, Electric field intensity, Electrical field due to point charges. Line, Surface and Volume charge distributions. Gauss law and its applications. Absolute Electric potential, Potential difference, Calculation of potential differences for different configurations. Electric dipole, Electrostatic Energy and Energy density.

Conductors, Dielectric and Capacitance ( 6 Hrs )

Current and current density, Ohms Law in Point form, Continuity of current, Boundary conditions of perfect dielectric materials. Permittivity of dielectric materials, Capacitance, Capacitance of a two wire line, Poisson’s equation, Laplace’s equation, Solution of Laplace and Poisson’s equation, Application of Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations.

Static Magnetic Fields ( 6 Hrs )

Biot-Savart Law, Ampere Law, Magnetic flux and magnetic flux density, Scalar and Vector Magnetic potentials. Steady magnetic fields produced by current carrying conductors.

Magnetic Forces,Material and Inductance ( 6 Hrs )

Force on a moving charge, Force on a differential current element, Force between differential current elements, Nature of magnetic materials, Magnetization and permeability, Magnetic boundary conditions, Magnetic circuits, inductances and mutual inductances.

Time Variying Fields and MAxxwell's Equations ( 6 Hrs )

Faraday’s law for Electromagnetic induction, Displacement current, Point form of Maxwell’s equation, Integral form of Maxwell’s equations, Motional Electromotive forces. Boundary Conditions.

Electromagnetic Waves ( 6 Hrs )

Derivation of Wave Equation, Uniform Plane Waves, Maxwell’s equation in Phasor form, Wave equation in Phasor form, Plane waves in free space and in a homogenous material. Wave equation for a conducting medium, Plane waves in lossy dielectrics, Propagation in good conductors, Skin effect. Poynting theorem.

Transmission line (4 Hours)

Introduction, Concept of distributed elements, Equations of voltage and current, Standing waves and impedance transformation, Lossless and low-loss transmission lines, Power transfer on a transmission line, Analysis of transmission line in terms of admittances, Transmission line calculations with the help of Smith chart, Applications of transmission line, Impedance matching using transmission lines.

Introduction to Vectors, Tensors and Co-ordinate system ( 5 Hrs )

Introduction to vectors and tensors and coordinate systems; Vector and tensor algebra; Indical notation; Symmetric and anti-symmetric tensors; Eigenvalues and Principal axes..

Three-Dimensional Rotation ( 4 Hrs )

Three-dimensional rotation: Euler’s theorem, Axis-angle formulation and Euler angles; Coordinate transformation of vectors and tensors.

Kinematics of Rigid Body ( 6 Hrs )

Kinematics of rigid bodies: Dentition and motion of a rigid body; Rigid bodies as coordinate systems; Angular velocity of a rigid body, and its rate of change; Distinction between two-and three-dimensional rotational motion; Integration of angular velocity to find orientation; Motion relative to a rotating rigid body: Five term acceleration formula.

Kinetics of Rigid Body ( 5 Hrs )

Kinetics of rigid bodies: Angular momentum about a point; Inertia tensor: Dentition and computation, Principal moments and axes of inertia, Parallel and perpendicular axes theorems; Mass moment of inertia of symmetrical bodies, cylinder, sphere, cone etc., Area moment of inertia and Polar moment of inertia, Forces and moments; Newton-Euler’s laws of rigid body motion.

Free Body Diagram and General Motion ( 10 Hrs )

Free body diagrams; Examples on modelling of typical supports and joints and discussion on the kinematic and kinetic constraints that they impose.
Examples and problems. General planar motions. General 3-D motions. Free precession, Gyroscopes, Rolling coin.

Bending Moment ( 5 Hrs )

Transverse loading on beams, shear force and bending moment in beams, analysis of cantilevers, simply supported beams and overhanging beams, relationships between loading, shear force and bending moment, shear force and bending moment diagrams.

Torsional Motion and Friction ( 5 Hrs )

Torsion of circular shafts, derivation of torsion equation, stress and deformation in circular and hollow shafts.
Concept of Friction; Laws of Coulomb friction; Angle of Repose; Coefficient of friction.